Moderate evidence suggests a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and incidence of hip fracture; there was a suggestion that heavy or binge drinking was detrimental to bone health.

 

Moderate
Overall strength of the available supporting evidence: Strong; Moderate; Limited; Expert Opinion Only; Grade not assignable.

Moderate evidence suggests that compared to non-drinkers, individuals who drink moderately have a slower cognitive decline with age. (Grade: Moderate) 

Although limited, evidence suggests that heavy or binge drinking is detrimental to age-related cognitive decline. (Grade: Limited)

 

Moderate; Limited
Overall strength of the available supporting evidence: Strong; Moderate; Limited; Expert Opinion Only; Grade not assignable.

Strong evidence consistently demonstrates that compared to non-drinkers, individuals who drink moderately have lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Insufficient evidence was available to determine if drinking patterns were predictive of risk of CHD, although there was moderate evidence to suggest that heavy or binge drinking is detrimental.

 

 

Strong; Insufficient
Overall strength of the available supporting evidence: Strong; Moderate; Limited; Expert Opinion Only; Grade not assignable.

Strong evidence demonstrates that drinking in excess of current guidelines increases the risk of unintentional falls, motor vehicle crashes and drowning. When alcohol is consumed in moderation, the evidence for risk of unintentional injury is less well established for activities such as driving, swimming and athletic participation, but abstention from alcohol is the safest.

Strong
Overall strength of the available supporting evidence: Strong; Moderate; Limited; Expert Opinion Only; Grade not assignable.