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Research Design and Implementation Checklist: Primary Research
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Abete I, Parra D et al, 2008
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Aston LM, Stokes CS et al, 2008
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de Rougemont A, Normand S et al, 2007
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Deierlein AL, Siega-Riz AM et al, 2008
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Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM et al, 2007
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Hare-Bruun H, Flint A et al, 2006
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Hui LL and Nelson EA, 2006
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Lau C, Toft U et al, 2006
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Liese A, Schulz M et al, 2005
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Maki KC, Rains TM et al, 2007
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McMillan-Price J, Petocz P et al, 2006
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Mendez MA, Covas MI et al, 2009
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Milton JE, Briche B et al, 2007
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Murakami K, Sasaki S et al, 2007
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Nielsen BM, Bjornsbo KS et al, 2005
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Pal S, Lim S et al, 2008
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Pereira MA, Swain J et al 2004
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Philippou E, Neary NM et al, 2008
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Pittas AG, Roberts SB et al, 2006
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Raatz SK, Torkelson CJ et al, 2005
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Sichieri R, Moura AS et al, 2007
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Sloth B, Krog-Mikkelsen I et al 2004
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| Overall Quality Rating |
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Relevance Questions
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1. Would implementing the studied intervention or procedure (if found successful) result in improved outcomes for the patients/clients/population group? (Not Applicable for some epidemiological studies) |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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N/A
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Yes
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N/A
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N/A
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Yes
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N/A
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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2. Did the authors study an outcome (dependent variable) or topic that the patients/clients/population group would care about? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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3. Is the focus of the intervention or procedure (independent variable) or topic of study a common issue of concern to nutrition or dietetics practice? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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4. Is the intervention or procedure feasible? (NA for some epidemiological studies) |
Yes
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???
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Yes
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N/A
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Yes
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N/A
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N/A
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Validity Questions
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1. Was the research question clearly stated? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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2. Was the selection of study subjects/patients free from bias? |
No
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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No
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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N/A
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Yes
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No
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No
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Yes
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3. Were study groups comparable? |
No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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N/A
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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4. Was method of handling withdrawals described? |
N/A
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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N/A
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N/A
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???
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Yes
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Yes
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???
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Yes
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N/A
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N/A
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N/A
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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5. Was blinding used to prevent introduction of bias? |
No
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???
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No
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No
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Yes
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???
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No
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Yes
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N/A
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Yes
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???
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???
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No
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N/A
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No
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???
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Yes
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???
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Yes
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No
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No
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No
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6. Were intervention/therapeutic regimens/exposure factor or procedure and any comparison(s) described in detail? Were interveningfactors described? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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7. Were outcomes clearly defined and the measurements valid and reliable? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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???
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No
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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8. Was the statistical analysis appropriate for the study design and type of outcome indicators? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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9. Are conclusions supported by results with biases and limitations taken into consideration? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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10. Is bias due to study’s funding or sponsorship unlikely? |
Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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???
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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???
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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